What Is EMDR?
EMDR is an evidence-based therapy for trauma that uses bilateral stimulation (typically eye movements) while you process distressing memories. It sounds unusual, but decades of research support its effectiveness for PTSD.
The exact mechanism isn't fully understood, but theories suggest bilateral stimulation helps the brain process "stuck" memories similarly to what happens during REM sleep.
The 8 Phases of EMDR
- History taking: Identifying target memories
- Preparation: Learning coping skills, building trust
- Assessment: Activating the target memory
- Desensitization: Processing with bilateral stimulation
- Installation: Strengthening positive beliefs
- Body scan: Checking for residual tension
- Closure: Returning to equilibrium
- Reevaluation: Checking progress in next session
What Happens During Processing
You focus on a traumatic memory while following the therapist's finger (or another form of bilateral stimulation like tapping or audio tones). You observe whatever comes up—thoughts, images, emotions, body sensations—without trying to control it.
The goal isn't to forget the memory but to process it so it no longer triggers intense distress. After successful EMDR, you can remember the event without the overwhelming emotional charge.
Who Benefits from EMDR?
- PTSD and trauma
- Childhood abuse/neglect
- Phobias
- Anxiety disorders
- Grief
- Performance anxiety
EMDR Online
EMDR can be adapted for telehealth using on-screen visual cues, self-tapping, or audio tones. Some research supports online EMDR, though in-person may be preferable for complex trauma.
When seeking online EMDR, verify your therapist is specifically trained in EMDR (look for EMDRIA certification).